Human health risk assessment of trace elements in PM10 for industrial areas in Gujarat

Introduction: The present study examines human exposure to Particulate Matter (PM10) and analyses potential health concerns in the industrial zones of Ankleshwar Vapi Gujarat.
 Materials methods: For Vapi, 120 samples were collected, characterisation was carried out determine concentration NO3, SO4, NH3, K-S, Na, EC, OC, Al, Si, Fe, K, Ti, Ni, Br, Ca, Cl, Mn, Pb, Cr, Zn, S, V, Cu PM10 mass. risk from different trace elements, including both carcinogenic non-carcinogenic, is evaluated for three distinct paths ingestion, inhalation, skin contact.
 Results: Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) values Cr Pb ingestion pathway risks inhalation are found be higher than minimal permissible threshold (1×10−6) children adults Vapi. However, dermal lower limit children. It observed that non-carcinogenic Hazard Index (HI) contact routes less 1 While HI value larger tolerable children.
 Conclusion: purpose creating sustainable cities improving urban population, this will provide a fundamental basis help governing authorities design mandatory pollution prevention control methods, restoration plans, systematic monitoring programmes.